Application of fiber optics in water distribution networks for leak detection and localization: a mixed methodology-based review

This study reviews the state-of-the-art application of fiber optics in water distribution networks for leak detection and localization.The use of fiber optics in the oil and gas sector has been well established; however, its potential in water pipelines is not evident owing to limited research.This study, therefore, presents the research developmen

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Seasonal influenza a virus lineages exhibit divergent abilities to antagonize interferon induction and signaling.

The circulation of seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs) in humans relies on effective evasion and subversion of the host immune response.While the evolution of seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 viruses to avoid humoral immunity is well characterized, relatively little is known about the evolution of innate immune antagonism phenotypes in these viruses.Numerous

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